Despite the seeming simplicity of the idea of the electric car an elegant solution for it has not yet been found. And whether it is necessary to take care of it, if neither oil nor gas until the end?
Gansa-Lloyd's truck used to run on lead-acid batteries in the 20th years of the last century. Do you know how much energy a modern class B car needs to run 100 km away? It turns out that there are not so many-about 18 kW. If you take this energy from the electrical outlet, the gas station will cost 68 rubles ($770) per day or at night by night. I mean, I'm gonna need a hundred and a hundred and a hundred to two hundred. There is a huge win-three times, or even twelve! Europe is even bigger. The game is clearly worth the candle, but ...NOT MISSING THE LUKINGS OF THE problem in the forehead is to gain ordinary lead accumulators, and more. So, let' s say, a standard battery, 60 A, how much is that energy? With very rough calculation you can simply multiply this capacity by 12 V, get 0.72 kWh. A total of 25 such batteries are expected to be rechargeable to the car, 4,000 rubles and 16 kg each. Multiply, we get 100,000 rée and 400 kg extra weight. Because of these four quintals, our car, by the way, is not going to run 100 kilometers. Another ambush is that working in cyclic mode with a deep discharge, lead accumulators are not too durable. If you manage to drive 50,000 kilometers, all batteries will have to change (not the best and the most expensive, maybe 5,000 kilometers!). And the closer the hour X is, the shorter the mileage will be after each charge. Opening the "Nissana-Kub EV" hood, wants to put the wrenches aside and go for a tester or oscilloscope. RACHEL TELEPHONE RICKERS, THE SIBERLETE GYCOVERT is the more advanced batteries! And light-compare the density of lead and lithium. In each lithoion ion, it is possible to accumulate 0.13 kW. Energy, while in lead-only 0.03 kWh. We're back for the calculator. So, 100 kilometers of mileage, we have enough batteries with a total of 138 kg and a price ...This is simple: today the kilowatt-hour of the lithium-ion battery costs at least 700 euros, but rather a thousand. We get 12,600 euros for a hundred verst. It is better not to translate in rubles, and in any course it will be the amount of the limit. True, it's a long life: five to ten years old. The worst of the cold and overheating is that the battery is very afraid. In the first case, it's just bad luck, and the second one's going to explode!The remains of an exploded laptop with a capacity of 5000 mA-will have to add a system of thermal stability, which is also expensive and is wasting energy for nothing. The electric tool is often used by nickel-metal hydride batteries. They are between lead and lithium-ion by specific energy intensity, accumulating about a kilogramme of mass about 0.08 kWh. Durability, too, should be enough to cover 100,000 to 250,000 km of mileage. The cost is worse: every kilowatt-hour will cost about 400 euros. They don't work in the cold, too. EXCUSE ME, DO YOU HAVE ANY OTHER BATTERIES?Yes, these types of battery electrochemical systems are not exhausted. For example, the apologists of so-called zinc-air batteries promise to reach their specific energy density in three days more than the lithium-ion. Only until after a hundred cycles of charge-discharge, they have to be thrown away. Sodium-nickel-chloride batteries ZEBRA, sodium NGK Insulators are required to operate at high temperatures from 100 to 300 ° C. Not very good for a car. There are no other real candidates for the vacant petrol tank. OH, THAT CHEMISTRY!The nature of the temperature problems in the batteries is due to the accumulation and return of energy in them, always associated with chemical reactions, which are highly dependent on temperature. But today there are other, pure physical supercapacitors. If the high voltage (400 V) samples are selected, the distance of 100 km will require the capacity of about 1000 F. How much is it in kilograms? The specific energy density in the supercapacitors is about 0.005-0.01 kW. h/kg, that is 100 km will require a crate about a couple of tons. Where do you want him?Relation of power to specific power and specific energy intensity of batteries of different types:There are all batteries and some features that further complicate their use in an electric vehicle. For example, the specific power density is dependent on the specific energy density. This is clearly visible on the graph above, and on your fingers we will explain: the more power-intensive battery can be done, the less power it can give. This is a direct illustration of the saying, "Slow down, you will continue." It is precisely because of this dependence that electric vehicles are more likely to be received by electricmobiles: the latter do not need hundreds of kilowatts for enough rubber, dynamic driving. The funniest thing is that all this harmful connection is manifested in ancient lead-acid batteries, and the most powerful-in the new lithium-ion ...Another problem is that the sooner we try to charge the battery, the sooner it will end. And even though there are now relatively quick charging stations (they need thirty minutes), it's better to wait eight hours. But this is not always possible and is unlikely to add enthusiasm to the electro-mobilizers. It is possible, of course, to make the batteries easy and change them at every "fuel station". This principle, by the way, is known for a long time: remember the ride to the bars. But it would not be enough for her to do so: one thing at the Royal Service d' Artagnan, and quite another, Baron Dunlarr, who had bought the best money of the best in Paris to ride them!In the Nissan Leaf electric car, the battery and power electronics are placed in the safest place: under the floor, between the axles. Finally, the climate control issue in the electric car. Unfortunately, the air conditioner and the stove consume quite a lot. And when you're in traffic, it's easy to get to the empty battery, don't drive halfway to the office with the outlet. The exit is still in autonomous ethanol-based heaters, but this is an initial idea: once again, a tank is needed. And if he's eating, he can, you know, electricity!WHAT IF IT DOES?Lithium-ion batteries are still explode, and regularly. So far, the case is limited to small batteries in cell phones and laptops, and yet, in the world, there are a dozen cases of human death from an exploded phone. It's enough to put it in your left breast pocket-and you're not immune to anything. For example, in 2007, a 22-year-old welder was killed in China. The fragments of his phone (as they say, with a fake battery) broke the thorax, broke the rib and went into the heart. California resident got second and third degree burns after his mobile phone tore his pants in his pocket. The fire in the Moscow apartment has been extinguished by fire from a telephone battery. Consequences of an explosion of a security mobile device that was left behind to a charge in the California garage. If this destructive force is hidden in a tiny telephone battery, you can imagine the scale of the explosion of the traction battery. That is why all of them are equipped with a complex temperature control system that immediately terminates the charge (or discharge) at the risk of overheating. NUMBER, STUDENT!It is not a very good idea to lead acid batteries, as we have seen, but Professor Luis Perez decided to study at the university in Rio de Janeiro, and it was a job to turn the old Volkswagen-Transporter T1 into an electric vehicle. Taking an industrial three-phase engine 220 volts, developing 22 kW and 81 N-meter torques, students were quickly assigned that they needed to connect 20 traction 12-volt batteries with a capacity of 47 Ah, add an inverter, control unit, and ...And there was something noiselessly eating, with an engine sticking out behind the engine in a drawer and a salon, filled with batteries. Up to a hundred kilometers of mileage, really, didn' t reach, but half a hundred miles of school electric car runs. He's even moving something from the faculty to the faculty. On the side of the side of the green van' s, the inscription: "Emissão Zero" is on the right. The car received the status of a prototype of the city bus and even participated last year in the forum "Michelin Challenger Bibendum", having won an honorary diploma. "I don't think Russia will be in the forefront of electric vehicles and hybrids," he said. First of all, Russia produces a lot of oil, and secondly, Russia is a very big country, and third, in Russia, nobody stimulates the development of the market of hybrids and electric vehicles. "