This summer, the U.S. government approved new regulations average fuel consumption for vehicles sold in the U.S. market. We determined the impact of these innovations on the world market.
The average fuel consumption document CAFE (Car Average Fuel Economy) appeared in the US after the world fuel crisis of 1973. After a couple of years, the project became law, according to which by the middle of the 1980's, the gasoline appetite fell by half. At the end of 2011, Barack Obama approved the new landmark: the average stock of vehicles on the local market should be 54.5 miles per gallon (4.32 l/100 km) by 2025. The innovation was supported by car companies, in the amount of more than 90% of the U.S. market. It is now twice more democratic. In the United States, the system calculates the amount of miles (1 mile = 1,609 km) per gallon (3.785 l) of the fuel, the corresponding unit of measurement is mpg per gallon (mills per gallon). The higher the stock, the more economical the car is. Curiously, the average margin of the same model is calculated by means of a harmonic mean formula that lowers the values out of the common row. Thus, one voracious supercar will not distort the statistics of a dozen models with a moderate appetite. Cars are obliged to meet the requirements of CAFE with a gross vehicle weight of up to 8,500 pounds (3,856 kg). They were divided into two classes: cars and light trucks (graders, pickups and minivans). The 4.32 litre is the average for the two classes. In the gamut each producer is distinguished by domestic (localization of production in the US and Canada-more than 75%) and import models. They are united, but they must correspond to them separately. The range for dual-fuel vehicles is calculated by the special methodology, according to which each such modification brings a total of more "miles per gallon" into the total piggy bank, so encouraging manufacturers to introduce new technologies. However, the law limits this addition to the average of the mark-each dual-fuel engine adds up to 1.2 miles per gallon. Failure to comply with CAFE rules is a penalty: $5.5 per 0.1 miles of missing mileage multiplied by the number of cars issued by the brand for the United States in one year. The American treasury received multimillion-dollar profits, but some manufacturers still preferred to pay fines rather than to invest in the development of more economical models. EQUATION FOR THE SHA? Most exhaust gases (95-98%) are CO2 emissions. The smaller the mass, the lower the fuel consumption. That is why Europe limits this parameter. In 2012-2015, its maximum admissible level is 130 g/km per fuel consumption-5.2. 5.5 l/100 km. In the ocean, by the same time, this figure will be 6.0. 7.8 l/100 km-depending on the class of the car (for pickups even more). So Europe is already living under tougher rules. By the way, the transition to the next level of the Euro is announced in a few years, so fuel-efficient and green engines for the Euro 6 perspective (since 2014) have been ready for some manufacturers. The permissible CO2 emission standards in Europe depend on the mass of the vehicle. 1372 kg is the mass of the average car. 130 g/km-a CO2 emission legislative standard on the model line. Another major automobile, Japan, recently discussed a bill to reduce the average fuel consumption by 2020 for the domestic market from the current 6.1 litres to 4.9 litres per 100 kilometres. The rules apply only to local producers. As we can see, the conditions are also not softer than the North American. In addition, many modern designs for American models, such as fuel-efficient power units, are made in European and Japanese lakal. And "outsiders" entering the overseas market are better prepared for fuel diets. It turns out that the toughening of norms is more nerving local producers than the rest of the world. North American fuel standard CAFE (current and future norms). True, when moving to more stringent standards, all "shotguns" will have to rewrite the price lists. The price is expected to range from $2,500 to $6,000 per car. It will not be possible even in a few years to save this money by saving fuel. The consumer, especially the American, accustomed to sweet prices, will not like it. Stricter environmental standards and requirements to reduce fuel consumption are unavoidable. In Europe and Japan, nuts are curbed in the care of the environment (and the filling of the treasury), the US has a similar purpose, but the main thing is that the main thing is to depend on oil imports as much as possible and balance the budget, and then care for the clean air. In a few years, Russia will fall into the more stringent framework. So far, there is no requirement in the Technical Regulations to measure fuel consumption in the certification of models for the domestic market. Our country lags behind the leading automobile powers, but the restrictions on fuel consumption will be introduced sooner or later.